Patrice Riemens on Thu, 29 Apr 2021 11:04:17 +0200 (CEST)


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<nettime> Arundhati Roy: We are whitnessing a crime against humanity (Guardian)


Original to: 
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-against-humanity-arundhati-roy-india-covid-catastrophe



It’s hard to convey the full depth and range of the trauma, the chaos and the 
indignity that people are being subjected to. Meanwhile, Modi and his allies are 
telling us not to complain

by Arundhati Roy

The Guardian, Wed 28 Apr 2021.

During a particularly polarising election campaign in the state of Uttar Pradesh 
in 2017, India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, waded into the fray to stir things 
up even further. From a public podium, he accused the state government – which was 
led by an opposition party – of pandering to the Muslim community by spending more 
on Muslim graveyards (kabristans) than on Hindu cremation grounds (shamshans). 
With his customary braying sneer, in which every taunt and barb rises to a high 
note mid-sentence before it falls away in a menacing echo, he stirred up the 
crowd. “If a kabristan is built in a village, a shamshan should also be 
constructed there,” he said. 

“Shamshan! Shamshan!” the mesmerised, adoring crowd echoed back.

Perhaps he is happy now that the haunting image of the flames rising from the mass 
funerals in India’s cremation grounds is making the front page of international 
newspapers. And that all the kabristans and shamshans in his country are working 
properly, in direct proportion to the populations they cater for, and far beyond 
their capacities.


“Can India, population 1.3 billion, be isolated?” the Washington Post asked 
rhetorically in a recent editorial about India’s unfolding catastrophe and the 
difficulty of containing new, fast-spreading Covid variants within national 
borders. “Not easily,” it replied. It’s unlikely this question was posed in quite 
the same way when the coronavirus was raging through the UK and Europe just a few 
months ago. But we in India have little right to take offence, given our prime 
minister’s words at the World Economic Forum in January this year.

Modi spoke at a time when people in Europe and the US were suffering through the 
peak of the second wave of the pandemic. He had not one word of sympathy to offer, 
only a long, gloating boast about India’s infrastructure and Covid-preparedness. I 
downloaded the speech because I fear that when history is rewritten by the Modi 
regime, as it soon will be, it might disappear, or become hard to find. Here are 
some priceless snippets:

“Friends, I have brought the message of confidence, positivity and hope from 1.3 
billion Indians amid these times of apprehension … It was predicted that India 
would be the most affected country from corona all over the world. It was said 
that there would be a tsunami of corona infections in India, somebody said 700-800 
million Indians would get infected while others said 2 million Indians would die.”

“Friends, it would not be advisable to judge India’s success with that of another 
country. In a country which is home to 18% of the world population, that country 
has saved humanity from a big disaster by containing corona effectively.”

Modi the magician takes a bow for saving humanity by containing the coronavirus 
effectively. Now that it turns out that he has not contained it, can we complain 
about being viewed as though we are radioactive? That other countries’ borders are 
being closed to us and flights are being cancelled? That we’re being sealed in 
with our virus and our prime minister, along with all the sickness, the 
anti-science, the hatred and the idiocy that he, his party and its brand of 
politics represent?


When the first wave of Covid came to India and then subsided last year, the 
government and its supportive commentariat were triumphant. “India isn’t having a 
picnic,” tweeted Shekhar Gupta, the editor-in-chief of the online news site the 
Print. “But our drains aren’t choked with bodies, hospitals aren’t out of beds, 
nor crematoriums & graveyards out of wood or space. Too good to be true? Bring 
data if you disagree. Unless you think you’re god.” Leave aside the callous, 
disrespectful imagery – did we need a god to tell us that most pandemics have a 
second wave?

This one was predicted, although its virulence has taken even scientists and 
virologists by surprise. So where is the Covid-specific infrastructure and the 
“people’s movement” against the virus that Modi boasted about in his speech? 
Hospital beds are unavailable. Doctors and medical staff are at breaking point. 
Friends call with stories about wards with no staff and more dead patients than 
live ones. People are dying in hospital corridors, on roads and in their homes. 
Crematoriums in Delhi have run out of firewood. The forest department has had to 
give special permission for the felling of city trees. Desperate people are using 
whatever kindling they can find. Parks and car parks are being turned into 
cremation grounds. It’s as if there’s an invisible UFO parked in our skies, 
sucking the air out of our lungs. An air raid of a kind we’ve never known.


Oxygen is the new currency on India’s morbid new stock exchange. Senior 
politicians, journalists, lawyers – India’s elite – are on Twitter pleading for 
hospital beds and oxygen cylinders. The hidden market for cylinders is booming. 
Oxygen saturation machines and drugs are hard to come by.

There are markets for other things, too. At the bottom end of the free market, a 
bribe to sneak a last look at your loved one, bagged and stacked in a hospital 
mortuary. A surcharge for a priest who agrees to say the final prayers. Online 
medical consultancies in which desperate families are fleeced by ruthless doctors. 
At the top end, you might need to sell your land and home and use up every last 
rupee for treatment at a private hospital. Just the deposit alone, before they 
even agree to admit you, could set your family back a couple of generations.

None of this conveys the full depth and range of the trauma, the chaos and, above 
all, the indignity that people are being subjected to. What happened to my young 
friend T is just one of hundreds, perhaps thousands of similar stories in Delhi 
alone. T, who is in his 20s, lives in his parents’ tiny flat in Ghaziabad on the 
outskirts of Delhi. All three of them tested positive for Covid. His mother was 
critically ill. Since it was in the early days, he was lucky enough to find a 
hospital bed for her. His father, diagnosed with severe bipolar depression, turned 
violent and began to harm himself. He stopped sleeping. He soiled himself. His 
psychiatrist was online trying to help, although she also broke down from time to 
time because her husband had just died from Covid. She said T’s father needed 
hospitalisation, but since he was Covid positive there was no chance of that. So T 
stayed awake, night after night, holding his father down, sponging him, cleaning 
him up. Each time I spoke to him I felt my own breath falter. Finally, the message 
came: “Father’s dead.” He did not die of Covid, but of a massive spike in blood 
pressure induced by a psychiatric meltdown induced by utter helplessness.

What to do with the body? I desperately called everybody I knew. Among those who 
responded was Anirban Bhattacharya, who works with the well-known social activist 
Harsh Mander. Bhattacharya is about to stand trial on a charge of sedition for a 
protest he helped organise on his university campus in 2016. Mander, who has not 
fully recovered from a savage case of Covid last year, is being threatened with 
arrest and the closure of the orphanages he runs after he mobilised people against 
the National Register of Citizens (NRC) and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 
passed in December 2020, both of which blatantly discriminate against Muslims. 

Mander and Bhattacharya are among the many citizens who, in the absence of all 
forms of governance, have set up helplines and emergency responses, and are 
running themselves ragged organising ambulances and coordinating funerals and the 
transport of dead bodies. It’s not safe for these volunteers to do what they’re 
doing. In this wave of the pandemic, it’s the young who are falling, who are 
filling the intensive care units. When young people die, the older among us lose a 
little of our will to live.

T’s father was cremated. T and his mother are recovering.


Things will settle down eventually. Of course, they will. But we don’t know who 
among us will survive to see that day. The rich will breathe easier. The poor will 
not. For now, among the sick and dying, there is a vestige of democracy. The rich 
have been felled, too. Hospitals are begging for oxygen. Some have started 
bring-your-own-oxygen schemes. The oxygen crisis has led to intense, unseemly 
battles between states, with political parties trying to deflect blame from 
themselves.


On the night of 22 April, 25 critically ill coronavirus patients on high-flow 
oxygen died in one of Delhi’s biggest private hospitals, Sir Ganga Ram. The 
hospital issued several desperate SOS messages for the replenishment of its oxygen 
supply. A day later, the chair of the hospital board rushed to clarify matters: 
“We cannot say that they have died due to lack of oxygen support.” On 24 April, 20 
more patients died when oxygen supplies were depleted in another big Delhi 
hospital, Jaipur Golden. That same day, in the Delhi high court, Tushar Mehta, 
India’s solicitor general, speaking for the government of India, said: “Let’s try 
and not be a cry baby … so far we have ensured that no one in the country was left 
without oxygen.”

Ajay Mohan Bisht, the saffron-robed chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, who goes by 
the name Yogi Adityanath, has declared that there is no shortage of oxygen in any 
hospital in his state and that rumourmongers will be arrested without bail under 
the National Security Act and have their property seized.

Yogi Adityanath doesn’t play around. Siddique Kappan, a Muslim journalist from 
Kerala, jailed for months in Uttar Pradesh when he and two others travelled there 
to report on the gang-rape and murder of a Dalit girl in Hathras district, is 
critically ill and has tested positive for Covid. His wife, in a desperate 
petition to the chief justice of the supreme court of India, says her husband is 
lying chained “like an animal” to a hospital bed in the Medical College hospital 
in Mathura. (The supreme court has now ordered the Uttar Pradesh government to 
move him to a hospital in Delhi.) So, if you live in Uttar Pradesh, the message 
seems to be, please do yourself a favour and die without complaining.  The threat 
to those who complain is not restricted to Uttar Pradesh. A spokesperson for the 
fascist Hindu nationalist organisation the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) – of 
which Modi and several of his ministers are members, and which runs its own armed 
militia – has warned that “anti-India forces” would use the crisis to fuel 
“negativity” and “mistrust” and asked the media to help foster a “positive 
atmosphere”. Twitter has helped them out by deactivating accounts critical of the 
government.

Where shall we look for solace? For science? Shall we cling to numbers? How many 
dead? How many recovered? How many infected? When will the peak come? On 27 April, 
the report was 323,144 new cases, 2,771 deaths. The precision is somewhat 
reassuring. Except – how do we know? Tests are hard to come by, even in Delhi. The 
number of Covid-protocol funerals from graveyards and crematoriums in small towns 
and cities suggest a death toll up to 30 times higher than the official count. 
Doctors who are working outside the metropolitan areas can tell you how it is.


If Delhi is breaking down, what should we imagine is happening in villages in 
Bihar, in Uttar Pradesh, in Madhya Pradesh? Where tens of millions of workers from 
the cities, carrying the virus with them, are fleeing home to their families, 
traumatised by their memory of Modi’s national lockdown in 2020. It was the 
strictest lockdown in the world, announced with only four hours’ notice. It left 
migrant workers stranded in cities with no work, no money to pay their rent, no 
food and no transport. Many had to walk hundreds of miles to their homes in 
far-flung villages. Hundreds died on the way.

This time around, although there is no national lockdown, the workers have left 
while transport is still available, while trains and buses are still running. 
They’ve left because they know that even though they make up the engine of the 
economy in this huge country, when a crisis comes, in the eyes of this 
administration, they simply don’t exist. This year’s exodus has resulted in a 
different kind of chaos: there are no quarantine centres for them to stay in 
before they enter their village homes. There’s not even the meagre pretence of 
trying to protect the countryside from the city virus.

These are villages where people die of easily treatable diseases like diarrhoea 
and tuberculosis. How are they to cope with Covid? Are Covid tests available to 
them? Are there hospitals? Is there oxygen? More than that, is there love? Forget 
love, is there even concern? There isn’t. Because there is only a heart-shaped 
hole filled with cold indifference where India’s public heart should be.


Early this morning, on 28 April, news came that our friend Prabhubhai has died. 
Before he died, he showed classic Covid symptoms. But his death will not register 
in the official Covid count because he died at home without a test or treatment. 
Prabhubhai was a stalwart of the anti-dam movement in the Narmada valley. I stayed 
several times at his home in Kevadia, where decades ago the first group of 
indigenous tribespeople were thrown off their lands to make room for the 
dam-builders and officers’ colony. Displaced families like Prabhubhai’s still 
remain on the edges of that colony, impoverished and unsettled, transgressors on 
land that was once theirs.

There is no hospital in Kevadia. There’s only the Statue of Unity, built in the 
likeness of the freedom fighter and first deputy prime minister of India, Sardar 
Vallabhbhai Patel, who the dam is named after. At 182 metres high, it’s the 
tallest statue in the world and cost US$422m. High-speed elevators inside take 
tourists up to view the Narmada dam from the level of Sardar Patel’s chest. Of 
course, you cannot see the river valley civilisation that lies destroyed, 
submerged in the depths of the vast reservoir, or hear the stories of the people 
who waged one of the most beautiful, profound struggles the world has ever known – 
not just against that one dam, but against the accepted ideas of what constitutes 
civilisation, happiness and progress. The statue was Modi’s pet project. He 
inaugurated it in October 2018. 

The friend who messaged about Prabhubhai had spent years as an anti-dam activist 
in the Narmada valley. She wrote: “My hands shiver as I write this. Covid 
situation in and around Kevadia Colony grim.”


The precise numbers that make up India’s Covid graph are like the wall that was 
built in Ahmedabad to hide the slums Donald Trump would drive past on his way to 
the “Namaste Trump” event that Modi hosted for him in February 2020. Grim as those 
numbers are, they give you a picture of the India-that-matters, but certainly not 
the India that is. In the India that is, people are expected to vote as Hindus, 
but die as disposables.

“Let’s try and not be a cry baby.”

Try not to pay attention to the fact that the possibility of a dire shortage of 
oxygen had been flagged as far back as April 2020, and then again in November by a 
committee set up by the government itself. Try not to wonder why even Delhi’s 
biggest hospitals don’t have their own oxygen-generating plants. Try not to wonder 
why the PM Cares Fund – the opaque organisation that has recently replaced the 
more public Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund, and which uses public money and 
government infrastructure but functions like a private trust with zero public 
accountability – has suddenly moved in to address the oxygen crisis. Will Modi own 
shares in our air-supply now?

“Let’s try and not be a cry baby.”


Understand that there were and are so many far more pressing issues for the Modi 
government to attend to. Destroying the last vestiges of democracy, persecuting 
non-Hindu minorities and consolidating the foundations of the Hindu Nation makes 
for a relentless schedule. There are massive prison complexes, for example, that 
must be urgently constructed in Assam for the 2 million people who have lived 
there for generations and have suddenly been stripped of their citizenship. (On 
this matter, our independent supreme court came down hard on the side of the 
government and leniently on the side of the vandals.)

There are hundreds of students and activists and young Muslim citizens to be tried 
and imprisoned as the primary accused in the anti-Muslim pogrom that took place 
against their own community in north-east Delhi last March. If you are Muslim in 
India, it’s a crime to be murdered. Your folks will pay for it. There was the 
inauguration of the new Ram Temple in Ayodhya, which is being built in place of 
the mosque that was hammered to dust by Hindu vandals watched over by senior BJP 
politicians. (On this matter, our independent supreme court came down hard on the 
side of the government and the vandals.) There were the controversial new Farm 
Bills to be passed, corporatising agriculture. There were hundreds of thousands of 
farmers to be beaten and teargassed when they came out on to the streets to 
protest.

Then there’s the multi-multi-multimillion-dollar plan for a grand new replacement 
for the fading grandeur of New Delhi’s imperial centre to be urgently attended to. 
After all, how can the government of the new Hindu India be housed in old 
buildings? While Delhi is locked down, ravaged by the pandemic, construction work 
on the “Central Vista” project, declared as an essential service, has begun. 
Workers are being transported in. Maybe they can alter the plans to add a 
crematorium. 

Crowds at the Kumbh Mela festival in Haridwar earlier this month. Photograph: 
Anushree Fadnavis/Reuters

There was also the Kumbh Mela to be organised, so that millions of Hindu pilgrims 
could crowd together in a small town to bathe in the Ganges and spread the virus 
even-handedly as they returned to their homes across the country, blessed and 
purified. This Kumbh rocks on, although Modi has gently suggested that it might be 
an idea for the holy dip to become “symbolic” – whatever that means. (Unlike what 
happened with those who attended a conference for the Islamic organisation 
Tablighi Jamaat last year, the media has not run a campaign against them calling 
them “corona jihadis” or accusing them of committing crimes against humanity.) 
There were also those few thousand Rohingya refugees who had to be urgently 
deported back to the genocidal regime in Myanmar from where they had fled – in the 
middle of a coup. (Once again, when our independent supreme court was petitioned 
on this matter, it concurred with the government’s view.)

So, as you can tell, it’s been busy, busy, busy.


Over and above all this urgent activity, there is an election to be won in the 
state of West Bengal. This required our home minister, Modi’s man Amit Shah, to 
more or less abandon his cabinet duties and focus all his attention on Bengal for 
months, to disseminate his party’s murderous propaganda, to pit human against 
human in every little town and village. Geographically, West Bengal is a small 
state. The election could have taken place in a single day, and has done so in the 
past. But since it is new territory for the BJP, the party needed time to move its 
cadres, many of who are not from Bengal, from constituency to constituency to 
oversee the voting. The election schedule was divided into eight phases, spread 
out over a month, the last on 29 April. As the count of corona infections ticked 
up, the other political parties pleaded with the election commission to rethink 
the election schedule. The commission refused and came down hard on the side of 
the BJP, and the campaign continued. Who hasn’t seen the videos of the BJP’s star 
campaigner, the prime minister himself, triumphant and maskless, speaking to the 
maskless crowds, thanking people for coming out in unprecedented numbers? That was 
on 17 April, when the official number of daily infections was already rocketing 
upward of 200,000.

Now, as voting closes, Bengal is poised to become the new corona cauldron, with a 
new triple mutant strain known as – guess what – the “Bengal strain”. Newspapers 
report that every second person tested in the state capital, Kolkata, is Covid 
positive. The BJP has declared that if it wins Bengal, it will ensure people get 
free vaccines. And if it doesn’t?

“Let’s try and not be a cry baby.”

Anyway, what about the vaccines? Surely they’ll save us? Isn’t India a vaccine 
powerhouse? In fact, the Indian government is entirely dependent on two 
manufacturers, the Serum Institute of India (SII) and Bharat Biotech. Both are 
being allowed to roll out two of the most expensive vaccines in the world, to the 
poorest people in the world. This week they announced that they will sell to 
private hospitals at a slightly elevated price, and to state governments at a 
somewhat lower price. Back-of-the-envelope calculations show the vaccine companies 
are likely to make obscene profits.

Under Modi, India’s economy has been hollowed out, and hundreds of millions of 
people who were already living precarious lives have been pushed into abject 
poverty. A huge number now depend for survival on paltry earnings from the 
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), which was instituted in 2005 when 
the Congress party was in power. It is impossible to expect that families on the 
verge of starvation will pay most of a month’s income to have themselves 
vaccinated. In the UK, vaccines are free and a fundamental right. Those trying to 
get vaccinated out of turn can be prosecuted. In India, the main underlying 
impetus of the vaccination campaign seems to be corporate profit. 

As this epic catastrophe plays out on our Modi-aligned Indian television channels, 
you’ll notice how they all speak in one tutored voice. The “system” has collapsed, 
they say, again and again. The virus has overwhelmed India’s health care “system”.


The system has not collapsed. The “system” barely existed. The government – this 
one, as well as the Congress government that preceded it – deliberately dismantled 
what little medical infrastructure there was. This is what happens when a pandemic 
hits a country with an almost nonexistent public healthcare system. India spends 
about 1.25% of its gross domestic product on health, far lower than most countries 
in the world, even the poorest ones. Even that figure is thought to be inflated, 
because things that are important but do not strictly qualify as healthcare have 
been slipped into it. So the real figure is estimated to be more like 0.34%. The 
tragedy is that in this devastatingly poor country, as a 2016 Lancet study shows, 
78% of the healthcare in urban areas and 71% in rural areas is now handled by the 
private sector. The resources that remain in the public sector are systematically 
siphoned into the private sector by a nexus of corrupt administrators and medical 
practitioners, corrupt referrals and insurance rackets.

Healthcare is a fundamental right. The private sector will not cater to starving, 
sick, dying people who don’t have money. This massive privatisation of India’s 
healthcare is a crime.


The system hasn’t collapsed. The government has failed. Perhaps “failed” is an 
inaccurate word, because what we are witnessing is not criminal negligence, but an 
outright crime against humanity. Virologists predict that the number of cases in 
India will grow exponentially to more than 500,000 a day. They predict the death 
of many hundreds of thousands in the coming months, perhaps more. My friends and I 
have agreed to call each other every day just to mark ourselves present, like roll 
call in our school classrooms. We speak to those we love in tears, and with 
trepidation, not knowing if we will ever see each other again. We write, we work, 
not knowing if we will live to finish what we started. Not knowing what horror and 
humiliation awaits us. The indignity of it all. That is what breaks us.


The hashtag #ModiMustResign is trending on social media. Some of the memes and 
illustrations show Modi with a heap of skulls peeping out from behind the curtain 
of his beard. Modi the Messiah speaking at a public rally of corpses. Modi and 
Amit Shah as vultures, scanning the horizon for corpses to harvest votes from. But 
that is only one part of the story. The other part is that the man with no 
feelings, the man with empty eyes and a mirthless smile, can, like so many tyrants 
in the past, arouse passionate feelings in others. His pathology is infectious. 
And that is what sets him apart. In north India, which is home to his largest 
voting base, and which, by dint of sheer numbers, tends to decide the political 
fate of the country, the pain he inflicts seems to turn into a peculiar pleasure.

Fredrick Douglass said it right: “The limits of tyrants are prescribed by the 
endurance of those whom they oppress.” How we in India pride ourselves on our 
capacity to endure. How beautifully we have trained ourselves to meditate, to turn 
inward, to exorcise our fury as well as justify our inability to be egalitarian. 
How meekly we embrace our humiliation.

When he made his political debut as Gujarat’s new chief minister in 2001, Modi 
ensured his place in posterity after what has come to be known as the 2002 Gujarat 
pogrom. Over a period of a few days, Hindu vigilante mobs, watched over and 
sometimes actively assisted by the Gujarat police, murdered, raped and burned 
alive thousands of Muslims as “revenge” for a gruesome arson attack on a train in 
which more than 50 Hindu pilgrims had been burned alive. Once the violence 
subsided, Modi, who had until then only been appointed as chief minister by his 
party, called for early elections. The campaign in which he was portrayed as Hindu 
Hriday Samrat (“The Emperor of Hindu Hearts”) won him a landslide victory. Modi 
hasn’t lost an election since.

Several of the killers in the Gujrat pogrom were subsequently captured on camera 
by the journalist Ashish Khetan, boasting of how they hacked people to death, 
slashed pregnant women’s stomachs open and smashed infants’ heads against rocks. 
They said they could only have done what they did because Modi was their chief 
minister. Those tapes were broadcast on national TV. While Modi remained in the 
seat of power, Khetan, whose tapes were submitted to the courts and forensically 
examined, appeared as a witness on several occasions. Over time, some of the 
killers were arrested and imprisoned, but many were let off. In his recent book, 
Undercover: My Journey Into the Darkness of Hindutva, Khetan describes in detail 
how, during Modi’s tenure as chief minister, the Gujarat police, judges, lawyers, 
prosecutors and inquiry committees all colluded to tamper with evidence, 
intimidate witnesses and transfer judges.

Despite knowing all this, many of India’s so-called public intellectuals, the CEOs 
of its major corporations and the media houses they own, worked hard to pave the 
way for Modi to become the prime minister. They humiliated and shouted down those 
of us who persisted in our criticism. “Move on”, was their mantra. Even today, 
they mitigate their harsh words for Modi with praise for his oratory skills and 
his “hard work”. Their denunciation and bullying contempt for politicians in 
opposition parties is far more strident. They reserve their special scorn for 
Rahul Gandhi of the Congress party, the only politician who has consistently 
warned of the coming Covid crisis and repeatedly asked the government to prepare 
itself as best it could. To assist the ruling party in its campaign to destroy all 
opposition parties amounts to colluding with the destruction of democracy.


So here we are now, in the hell of their collective making, with every independent 
institution essential to the functioning of a democracy compromised and hollowed 
out, and a virus that is out of control.


The crisis-generating machine that we call our government is incapable of leading 
us out of this disaster. Not least because one man makes all the decisions in this 
government, and that man is dangerous – and not very bright. This virus is an 
international problem. To deal with it, decision-making, at least on the control 
and administration of the pandemic, will need to pass into the hands of some sort 
of non-partisan body consisting of members of the ruling party, members of the 
opposition, and health and public policy experts.

As for Modi, is resigning from your crimes a feasible proposition? Perhaps he 
could just take a break from them – a break from all his hard work. There’s that 
$564m Boeing 777, Air India One, customised for VVIP travel – for him, actually – 
that’s been sitting idle on the runway for a while now. He and his men could just 
leave. The rest of us will do all we can to clean up their mess.

No, India cannot be isolated. We need help.


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